Test tube encyclopedia websiteIn vitro fertilization in the United States
Guide to the entire process of in vitro fertilization in the United States: Preparation, treatment, and precautions for returning to the United States
Test tube encyclopedia website 2026-02-07 18:28:41 In vitro fertilization in the United States Read: 2619 timesFrom the moment you stepped onto Los Angeles International Airport, you entrusted your hopes for a future baby to the medical team across the Pacific. The assisted reproductive system on the West Coast of the United States is known for its transparent procedures, high laboratory standards, and flexible medication plans, but "good" does not mean "simple". Visa, medical examination, medication, egg retrieval, embryo culture, uterine cavity preparation, transplantation, pregnancy examination, and return to obstetrics connection all have clear time windows. If missed, you will have to wait for another month. This article breaks down the test tube trip to the United States into three stages: "before departure - in the United States - returning home". Using a checklist and calendar, you can build your itinerary like building blocks, reducing on-site decision-making and minimizing time and financial losses.
1、 90 days before departure: Change 'can I go' to 'ready'
1. Passport and Visa
The validity period of the couple's passport is ≥ 6 months; If you have used your name before, divorced or remarried, you need to bring both your old and new passports, marriage certificate, and divorce agreement.
A medical visa (B1/B2) is sufficient. During the interview, truthfully state "going to the United States for reproductive treatment" and bring a hospital appointment letter, cost estimate sheet, copy of doctor's license, and personal asset proof.
It is recommended to apply for EVUS simultaneously, and updates must be made 72 hours before the entry of passengers with a ten-year visa.
2. Physical pre assessment
Female: Perform FSH, LH, E2, and AMH tests on the 2nd to 4th day of menstruation; Perform a negative ultrasound on the 7th to 9th day of menstruation to check the number of basal follicles; Perform hysteroscopy or 3D ultrasound 3-7 days after menstruation to eliminate adhesions, polyps, and septa.
Male: Perform semen analysis, deformity rate, and fragmentation rate (DFI) after 2-7 days of abstinence; If the results fluctuate greatly, add sex hormones and genital ultrasound.
Both parties: blood routine, blood type (Rh), eight items of infectious diseases, thyroid function, coagulation, glucose tolerance, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray.
• 所有报告用医院抬头纸、英文对照,盖红章,美国诊所可直接录入系统,避免重复抽血。
3. 医院与医生锁定
美国西部周期量前五位生殖中心(2023 CDC 数据):
① INCINTA Fertility Center(美国IFC试管婴儿中心)Dr. James P. Lin, Torrance CA
② Reproductive Fertility Center(美国RFC生殖中心)Dr. Susan Nasab, Corona CA
③ HRC Fertility, Newport Beach CA
④ SCRC (Southern California Reproductive Center), Beverly Hills CA
⑤ RFC (Reproductive Partners Medical Group), Redondo Beach CA
⑥ Spring Fertility, San Francisco CA
⑦ Stanford Medicine Fertility and Reproductive Health, Palo Alto CA
⑧ Kaiser Permanente Center for Reproductive Health, San Francisco CA
⑨ UCSD Fertility Center, San Diego CA
⑩ CCRM (Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine), Lone Tree CO
选院逻辑:看“本院实验室”是否通过 CAP/CLIA 双认证;看“胚胎师”是否≥4 名全职;看“周期数”是否≥1000/年;看“中文协调”是否直属医院而非外包。
4. 远程视频问诊
提前 6–8 周与主诊医生视频,美方会给出初步用药方案(拮抗剂、长方案、微刺激或自然周期)。视频后 48 小时内,医院发送“治疗计划书+费用表+用药处方”,凭处方可在中美两地药房比价采购。
5. 资金与保险
• 单周期套餐(含 ICSI、囊胚培养、第一年度冷冻保存)3.2–3.8 万美元;若需 PGT-A 检测,再加 5 000–6 500 美元。
• 信用卡额度≥10 万人民币,方便现场刷药费;同时带一张多币种借记卡,美国大部分药房可用。
• 境外旅行险要买“医疗+紧急运返”双重责任,尤其把“妊娠 24 周内急性并发症”写进条款,否则后期保司可能拒赔。
6. 行程日历模板
| Menstruation D1 | 国内任务 | 美国任务 | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| D1 | 抽血查激素+超声 | 医生同步接收报告 | 微信/邮件上传 |
| D2 | 开始口服避孕药(OCP) | 药房寄促排药到酒店 | FedEx 需 3 天 |
| D12 | 停药等月经 | 美国客服建群 | 群内每日打卡 |
| D16 | 月经来潮 | 订 48 h 内航班 | 洛杉矶入关 |
| D18 | Arriving at LAX | 次日早 8:00 首诊 | 抽血+阴超 |
二、在美 15–20 天:把“医疗流程”变成“生活日程”
1. 住宿怎么选
• 距离医院≤15 英里,车程≤25 分钟;推荐 Torrance、Redondo Beach、Manhattan Beach 三城,治安好、中餐多、海边散步利于情绪。
• 订“带厨房”的公寓式酒店,可自己煎煮蛋白、蒸鱼,避免外食高盐高油。
• 确认有 24 h 前台可代收冷链药品,部分公寓无冷柜,需提前买 30 美元便携冷藏盒。
2. 促排阶段(Day 1–10)
• 每天固定上午 7:30–8:30 注射 Gonal-F/Menopur,护士上门或到诊所学习后回酒店自助打;针头 30 G 最细,腹部脂肪层垂直进针几乎无痛。
• 第 5 天返院抽血(E2、LH、P4)+超声,医生根据卵泡径线调整剂量,常见 150–225 IU 递减。
• 第 8–9 天加拮抗剂(Cetrotide 或 Ganirelix),防止提前排卵。
• 禁止剧烈运动、桑拿、泡澡,卵泡长到 14 mm 后卵巢体积增大,翻身要慢。
3. 触发与取卵(Day 11–13)
• 当 2 个主导卵泡≥18 mm、E2 水平 1 500–3 000 pg/ml,医生开“夜针”——Lupron 或 hCG 或双触发;注射时间必须精确到小时,误差±10 分钟。
• 34–36 小时后取卵,全麻 15 分钟,术后 30 分钟清醒,1 小时可回酒店。
• 当日开始口服头孢 5 天预防感染,阴道少量咖啡色分泌物属正常;若出现持续腹痛、尿少、腹胀≥5 cm,立即返院排除 OHSS。
4. 受精与培养(Day 13–18)
• 取卵后 4 小时做 ICSI,次日晨看受精(2PN);第 3 天看卵裂球;第 5–6 天看囊胚。
• 若做 PGT-A,实验室会在囊胚期取 4–6 个滋养层细胞,样本送 CooperGenomics 或 Natera,10–14 天出结果。
• 囊胚评分用 Gardner 系统(3BB 以上可冻),医院会发放大 2 000 倍的胚胎照片,您可在 APP 里实时查看。
5. 宫腔准备与移植(Day 19–20)
• 新鲜周期:取卵后第 5 天移植,需满足 E2• 冷冻周期:回国休息 1 个月,第二次月经第 2 天开始补佳乐 6 mg/日,第 13 天返美,内膜≥8 mm、三线征清晰时,用黄体酮油剂 50 mg/日+凝胶 90 mg/日,第 6 天移植。
• 移植过程 5 分钟,像做白带常规,无麻醉;术后躺 20 分钟即可回酒店,建议排尿后再走,减少尿潴留。
• 移植当日开始黄体支持,常用方案:Crinone 8% 每日 1 支+黄体酮针隔日 1 次,连用 10 周。
6. 验孕与毕业
• 移植后第 9 天可抽血 β-hCG,≥50 mIU/ml 为阳性;隔 48 小时翻倍≥1.6 倍视为早期合格。
• 移植后第 28 天做阴超,见孕囊+胎心即“毕业”,医院给英文妊娠报告、用药减量表、回国航线说明。
• 若未着床,医生会安排停药,月经 3–7 天内来潮,可立即进入下一个冷冻周期,无需再付移植费。
三、归国 0–12 周:把“美国报告”变成“产科建档”
1. 入境海关
• 孕 12 周前外观尚看不出,建议穿宽松外套;随身携带医院出具的“早孕诊断书”+“黄体酮处方”,万一被问,如实回答“赴美接受辅助生殖,现回国继续产检”。
• 药品申报:黄体酮注射液、雪诺同、肝素可带,量不超 30 天;若带冷藏生物制剂,提前在机场海关网页填《进出境特殊物品审批单》,走红色通道,盖章后放行。
2. 国内产科衔接
• 带上美方英文病历+中文翻译件(翻译公司盖骑缝章),到本地三甲医院生殖中心或产科门诊,直接做 NT 建档。
• 告知医生“体外受精-胚胎移植”,要求把“末次月经”写成“移植日-17 天”,方便产科软件自动算预产期。
• 美方用药与国内略有差异:黄体酮针 20 mg/日与口服地屈 10 mg bid 可等量替换;肝素钠需按体重调整,不可自行停药。
• 11–13+6 周做 NT+早期唐筛;16 周做无创 DNA;20–24 周系统大排畸;28 周前完成 OGTT。所有超声报告同步回传美国主诊医生,对方会把数据录入全球病历,方便后续再次移植。
3. 心理与营养
• 回国后 4 周是“心理脱敏期”,突然从英文环境回到中文,易焦虑,建议加入医院官方孕妇学校,每周一次线下课程。
• 饮食遵循“三低一高”:低盐、低糖、低咖啡因、高优质蛋白;每天一个鸡蛋、250 ml 牛奶、150 g 深海鱼,补 DHA 200 mg。
• 体重管理:孕 12 周前增重 1–2 kg 即可,超重人群建议看营养门诊,用“膳食日记 APP”拍照上传,营养师每周回评。
4. 冷冻胚胎续费
• 美国诊所冷冻保存费 600–800 美元/年,账单自动邮件发送,可国际信用卡在线支付;逾期 60 天未缴费,医院会发“最后通知”,逾期 180 天视为放弃。
• 建议把“续费提醒”加入手机日历,每年提前 30 天完成付款,并邮件索要更新后的胚胎存储证明,供下次入境使用。
四、常见 18 问,现场不再抓瞎
Q1:促排针能不能自己打?
A:可以。护士会发 1 支教学笔,先在橙子皮上练习垂直进针,再在自己腹部打,针头 4 mm 基本不痛。
Q2:取卵全麻会不会伤脑?
A:用丙泊酚+芬太尼,剂量仅腹腔镜 1/3,代谢 30 分钟,术后 4 小时可正常吃饭,不影响记忆。
Q3:男方迟到 2 天,卵子会坏吗?
A:取卵当日必须见精子;若男方航班延误,可提前在美国精子库冷冻备份,费用 500 美元。
Q4:囊胚 PGT 通过率低怎么办?
A:35 岁以下平均 50–60%,39 岁降至 30%;若首次低于预期,可换微刺激方案攒胚胎,累计 3–4 个周期再送检。
Q5:内膜 7.8 mm 能不能移植?
A:三线征清晰、血流≥2 级即可,7.5 mm 以上临床妊娠率无差异,不必过度纠结 8 mm。
Q6:移植后能不能坐飞机?
A:移植后 48 小时避免高空舱压变化,建议第 3 天再飞;若必须当天走,选舱压稳定的宽体机,座位靠过道方便活动下肢。
Q7:雪诺同药渣多怎么清理?
A:晚上睡前放药,次日清晨用温水冲洗外阴即可,不要阴道冲洗,避免菌群失衡。
Q8:早孕出血怎么办?
A:30% IVF 孕妇有少量粉色分泌物,先加测一次 β-hCG,若翻倍正常,把黄体酮针从 20 mg 加到 40 mg,卧床休息 24 小时,大多可缓解。
Q9:回国后发现孕酮 15 ng/ml,低吗?
A:IVF 周期胎盘未形成前,孕酮 10–20 ng/ml 均属正常,关键看 hCG 翻倍,不必盲目加药。
Q10:肝素打到什么时候?
A:抗磷脂抗体或血栓前状态者,打到分娩前 24 小时;单纯 IVF 无指征者,孕 10 周可停。
Q11:可以喝豆浆吗?
A:可以,每天 250 ml 无加糖豆浆提供天然大豆异黄酮,对内膜友好;但痛风或甲减人群需限量。
Q12:孕吐严重,雪诺同吸收不好怎么办?
A:换成黄体酮针 40 mg/日肌注,或口服微粒化黄体酮 200 mg tid,维持血药浓度即可。
Q13:美国买的维生素国内能继续吃吗?
A:可以,注意剂量:叶酸 0.8 mg、DHA 200–300 mg、铁 27 mg、碘 150 μg,与国内孕期标准一致。
Q14:冷冻胚胎想转运回国有无可能?
A:理论可行,但需两国 clinic 均具备 LN2 干式运输罐、IATA 认证,运费 4 000–6 000 美元,周期 45 天,性价比低,多数家庭选择继续存放美国。
Q15:下一次移植隔多久?
A:有剩余囊胚者,第一次月经后即可进入自然周期;无囊胚者,建议休息 2 个月经周期,让卵巢回到 2–3 cm 大小。
Q16:美国医生会跟踪到生吗?
A:一般毕业即转回国内,但您可把每次超声报告发回美方,医生免费答疑到分娩,属于全球病历共享服务。
Q17:顺产还是剖宫产?
A:IVF 本身不是剖宫产指征,单胎、胎位正、无合并症可顺产;twin pregnancy或前置胎盘、子痫前期才考虑剖宫产。
Q18:宝宝出生回国办户口,要翻译哪些材料?
A:出生证明、美国护照、旅行证、疫苗黄卡、妊娠报告、亲子鉴定(如需要),全部经中国驻外使领馆认证,并找国内翻译公司出具中文对照,派出所才受理。
五、预算速算表(单位:美元,按 1 周期+1 次移植+PGT-A 计)
| project | low value | high value | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 医院套餐 | 12 000 | 15 000 | 含监测、取卵、ICSI、囊胚培养 |
| PGT-A | 5 000 | 6 500 | 按 8 个胚胎计,超 1 个+250 |
| Medical expenses | 4 000 | 6 000 | Promoting ejaculation+luteal support |
| anesthesia | 600 | 800 | 全麻+术后止痛 |
| freeze | 800 | 1 000 | 首年 |
| accommodation | 2 700 | 4 500 | 公寓 150/晚×18 晚 |
| air ticket | 1 200 | 2 000 | 旺季往返商务舱 |
| Car rental+fuel | 400 | 600 | 经济型 20/日 |
| other | 500 | 800 | 电话卡、外卖、小费 |
| total | 27 200 | 37 200 | 不含二移、不含大宝同行开销 |
六、风险与免责提醒
1. 美国诊所执行 ASRM 指南,单胚胎移植率已>70%,但仍存在 15% 的流产概率,与天然受孕一致。
2. 多胎妊娠母婴并发症显著升高,请遵从医生建议,不可强求一次放两枚。
3. 任何药物都可能出现过敏,取卵手术可能发生出血、感染、邻近器官损伤,发生率4. 本文数据来源于 2023 年 CDC 发布的《Assisted Reproductive Technology National Summary Report》及各院年报,仅作科普,不能替代医生面诊。个人方案请与主诊医师确认后再执行。
七、一张 A4 纸行程单(可打印贴行李箱)
✈ 航班:PEK➝LAX 往返
🏨 酒店:Residence Inn Torrance(21520 Hawthorne Blvd,距 INCINTA 0.8 英里)
🚗 租车:Alamo 经济型,预订号×××,全险
📱 电话卡:T-Mobile 40 美元/月,无限流量
💊 药品:Gonal-F 900 IU×5、Menopur 75 IU×20、Cetrotide 0.25 mg×7、Lupron 2 mg×1、黄体酮 50 mg×10
📅 关键日:月经 D1➝D18 抵达➡D19 首诊➡D28 取卵➡D33 移植➡D42 验孕➡D56 毕业回国
📄 随身携带:护照、签证、预约函、处方、保险单、现金 3 000 美元、信用卡 2 张
☎ 24 h 紧急联系:INCINTA 中文协调员 +1-310-xxx-xxxx、驻洛杉矶总领馆 +1-213-xxx-xxxx
把这张纸塞进护照夹,您就已经拥有了 90% 的确定性;剩下 10% 交给太平洋的海风和医生的经验。愿下一段旅程,您带着宝宝一起回国。
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